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课件内容

Slide 1:  Unit 10 By the time I got outside,
the bus had already left.
Language Points

Slide 2:  一.学习目标(Language Goal)
 1.Learn to narrate past events.学
会描述过去所发生的事情。
 2.Learn to express something with
Past Perfect Tense.学习使用过去完
成时态。
 3.Strengthen the consciousness of
doing things regularly.做事加强连续
性,有条不紊。

Slide 3:  二.语言结构(Language Structures)
 1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时
 2.“By the time”和“when”引导的时
间状语从句

Slide 4:  三.目标语言(Target language)
 1.By the time she got up, her brother had
already gone into the bathroom.
 2.By the time she went outside, the bus had
already gone
 3.By the time she got to class, the teacher had
already started teaching.
 4.When she got to school, she realized she
had left her backpack at home
 5.Have you ever overslept?
 6.Have you ever been late for school?

Slide 5:  四.重点词组(Key phrases)
 1.by the time
 到…时候为止
 2.get outside
 到外边
 3.get to school
 到学校
 4.get up
 起床
 5.get into the shower
 去洗澡
 6.get home
 到家
 7.start doing / to do sth
 开始做某事

Slide 6:  四.重点词组(Key phrases)
 8.be late for
 迟到
 9.go off
 (闹钟)闹响
 10.wake up
 醒来
 11.come out
 出来,出现
 12.run off
 迅速离开,跑掉
 13.on time
 准时
 14.in time
 及时

Slide 7:  四.重点词组(Key phrases)
 15.come by
 (走)过来
 16.give sb. a ride
 让某人搭车
 17.break down
 损坏,坏掉
 18.show up
 出席,露面
 19.stay up
 熬夜
 20.a costume party
 一个化装舞会
 21.sth happen to sb
 某事发生在某人身上

Slide 8:  四.重点词组(Key phrases)
 22.so …that …
 如此…以至于
 23.set off
 出发,开始
 24.April Fool's Day
 愚人节
 25.get married
 结婚
 26.marry sb
 与某人结婚
 27.both …and …
 二者…都…
 28.get dressed
 穿好衣服
 29.on the first day
 在第一天

Slide 9:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时
 构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化)
 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成
的动作或呈
 现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去
完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过
去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。
 I had finished my homework before supper.
 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
 句中的supper既是过去某一时间,而had finished这一动
作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只说I had finished my
homework.听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见,过去完成
时是个相对的时态,它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。

Slide 10:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 By the end of that year Henry had collected more than one
thousand foreign stamps.
 到那年年底,亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。
 (过去时间是the end of that year)
 当我们到那里时,足球比赛已经开始了。
 (过去时间是when从句)
 When we got there, the football match had already started.动词过
去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似,一般情况下在动词词尾加
-ed,特殊动词须特殊记忆,如:have—had—had,get—got—
gotten,begin—began—begun,leave—left—left,go—went—
gone等。
 She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month.
 到上个月末,她已经学了2000个英语单词了。
 I hadn't learnt Japanese before I went to Japan.
 我去日本之前没学过日语。
 注意:过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。

Slide 11:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 2.when和by the time引导的时间状语从句
 by the time 到……时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间
为止,这一时间段。when当……时候,指过去的某一时间点。
 从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。
 By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the
bathroom.
 到她起床的时候,她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。

at home
 当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包放在家里了。
 (在这句话中,过去的时间点为“到校”的时候,“她把书包放在
家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。)
By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone
 到她走到外面的时候,公共汽车已经走了。
 When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack

Slide 12:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 3.How to narrate past events.如何描述过去的事件
 描述过去的事件,首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去,因此一定要
用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语(如在双引号“”之内),则根据当
时的情况来决定。
 表示过去的时态有:
 (1)一般过去时:结构:动词的过去式
 (2)过去进行时:结构:was / were +现在分词
 (3)过去完成时:结构:had+过去分词
 (4)过去将来时:结构:would+动词原形
 请看例文1:
 It was Sunday.I went to a pool to fish.I thought there must be some fish
 (注意观察文中时态的应用)
 例2:请大声朗读Section A 3a,并找出其中用到的时态。
for me to catch.I held my fishing pole, waiting patiently.Suddently a big
fish was caught.I was glad and put it into my little basket.Before long my
sister cameWithout a word she put back the fish into the water.I was
astonished.I really thought she became mad.She ordered me to put
down the fishing pole and led me to a place not far away.There stood a
sign, reading”No fishing”.I realized that I was making a mistake

Slide 13:  六.疑难解析(Key Points)
 1.get to 意为“到达”。例如:
 When did you get there last night?
 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的?
 I get home at 7:00 every day.
 我每天7:00到家。
 When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
 我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。
 辨析:get, arrive与reach
 这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,但是用法不同。
 (1)get和arrive都是不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若
是跟名词则须再加介词,即get to +地点名词,arrive in / at +地点
名词(in 之后跟表示大地方的词,at之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是
只说“到达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用arrive。例如:
 How did you get / arrive there?
 你怎么到那儿的?

Slide 14:  六.疑难解析(Key Points)
 I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.
 我前天到的北京。
 When do you often get to / arrive at school?
 你经常什么时候到校?
 When will you arrive?
 你什么时候到?
 (2)reach为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。
 I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.
 我前天到的北京。
 We reached here on foot.
 我们步行到这儿的。

Slide 15:  六.疑难解析(Key Points)
 2.关于get的词组小结
 在本单元出现大量关于get的词组,要注意背诵:
 get to school
 到学校
 get into the shower
 去洗澡
 get outside
 到外边
 get home
 到家
 get up
 起床
 get married
 结婚
 get dressed
 穿好衣服
 get to class
 到班级
 get bored
 变得无聊
 get tired
 变得疲劳

Slide 16:  六.疑难解析(Key Points)
 3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I
came very close
 我上学从未迟到过,但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。
 (1)I've 是I have的缩写,have been late是现在完成时
态,现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续
到现在,并可能继续下去,而且对现在产生了一定的影
响,其构成是have / has+动词过去分词。例如:
 I have been here since 1999.
 自1999年以来我就在这儿。
 We have lived in Jinan for 20 years.
 我们已经在济南住了20年了。
 She hasn't worked for 2 years.
 她已2年不工作了。

Slide 17:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (2)be late for 意为“……迟到”,for为介词,
所以其后须跟名词。
 Don't be late for the meeting.
 开会别迟到了。
 Jim was late for school again.
 吉姆上学又迟到了。
 Tom has been late for classes twice.
 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。
 (3)close在此为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此
外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

Slide 18:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 4.My alarm clock didn't go off, …
 闹钟没有大响……
 go off 意为“爆发,大响”。
 Although the alarm clock went off, he didn„t wake up.
 虽然闹钟大响,但是他还是没有醒来。
 与go有关的词组还有:
 (1)go in for“参加”(竞赛、考试);(作为嗜好、工作)“爱好”。
 She goes in for bird-watching.
 她爱好赏鸟。
 (2)go on“进行,继续”。
 Please go on.请继续。
 (3)go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做……”。
 He went on working without having a rest.
 他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
 (4)go over“调查,视察;越过”。例如:
 You must go over your lessons before the exam.
 考试前你必须复习。

Slide 19:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 5.…and I had to wait for him to come out.……我不得不等他出来。
 (1)have to 意为“必须,不得不”。
 Do you have to take the test?
 你必须考试吗?
 Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day.
 汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。
 辨析:have to 与must
 这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因,而must则强调
主观原因;含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do,does或
did,而must本身是情态动词,进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例
如:
 It is raining, we have to stay at home.
 天在下雨,我们不得不待在家里。
 We must work hard.
 我们必须努力工作。
 Lucy doesn't have to stand.
 露茜不必站着。
 You mustn't play in the street.
 你不能在街道上玩。

Slide 20:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (2)wait 是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。
可以用于词组wait for sb.“等某人”,
 wait to do sth.“等着做某事”,
 wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。
 Who are you waiting for?
 你在等谁?
 They can't wait to open the presents.
 他们迫不及待地打开礼物。
 You can wait for him to help you.
 你可以等着他帮你。

Slide 21:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus
had already left.
 不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车已经走了。
 unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定
前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上
前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如:lucky(幸运的)
-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),
forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前缀表示
“not”的含义,即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如:fit(合适
的)-unfit(不合适的),fair (公平的)-unfair(不
公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。

Slide 22:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad
came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a
ride.
 幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的
车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。
 (1)come by 意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”
 Please let the car come by.
 请让车过去。
 Good jobs are not easy to come by.
 好工作不容易找到。

Slide 23:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 与come有关的其他词组:
 <1>come out”出来;开花;出版”。
 The moon has come out.
 月亮出来了。
 It's too cold for the flowers to come out.
 天太冷了,花不开了。
 <2>come about”发生,产生”。
 Tell me how the accident came about.
 告诉我事情是怎么发生的。
 <3>come across“(偶然)发现……,遇见……”。
 I came across his name on the list.
 我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。

Slide 24:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 <4>come after”继……之后,接……而来”。
 Sunday comes after Saturday.
 星期天在星期六之后。
 <5>come back”回来”。
 When did he come back?
 他什么时候回来的?
 <6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒过来”。
 At last, he came to himself.
 最后他醒了。
 <7>come from”来自”。
 Julia comes from Australia.
 朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

Slide 25:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为
名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。
 Can you give me a ride, Jack?
 杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?
 I want to get a ride.
 我想搭个便车。
 8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。
 make it 意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,
准时到达。例如:
 -Have you got the job?
 -你得到那份工作了吗?
 -Yes, I made it.
 -是的,我成功了。

Slide 26:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school?
 你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?
 (1)辨析:forget to do与forget doing
 forget to do指的是“忘了去做……”,即该事还未做;而forget doing则指“忘了做
了……”,即该事已经做完。
 Don„t forget to turn off lights when you go out.
 出去时别忘了关灯。
 Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again.
 对不起,我又忘了带书来了。
 Lucy forgot locking the door.
 露茜忘了已锁了门了。
 Tom forgot turning off TV.
 汤姆忘了关了电视了。
 (2)辨析:bring, take
 bring 意为“把……拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地;take 意为
 Please bring my English book here.
 请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。
 You can't take these magazines home.
 你不能把这些杂志拿回家。
“把……拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。

Slide 27:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day?
 愚人节那天,大卫出什么事了吗?
 (1)happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了,发生在某人身上”。
 What happened to you?
 你怎么了?
 What happened to Jim?
 吉姆出什么事了?
 (2)英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点:
 <1>表示“在……节”用介词on;
 <2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写;
 <3>用day来表示“节”,且无冠词;
 <4>一般用复数名词的所有格,如:Teachers' Day教师节,Children's Day 儿童节,
 Do you often go to parks on Children's Day?
 你们儿童节经常去公园吗?
 What do you usually do on New Year's Day?
 新年你们通常干什么?
 Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day?
 你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?
Women's Day 妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:Mother's Day 母亲节,
Father's Day 父亲节等。例如:

Slide 28:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and
panic set off across the whole country.
 (1)So …that…句型中,so后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至
于……”
 Welles 是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而激起了全国
性的恐慌。
 This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.
 这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词)
 He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
 他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副词)
 So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的
模式来译成汉语。
 It was so dark that he couldn„t see the faces of his companions.
 天太黑了,他不能看见同伴的脸。
 (2)so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,
should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。
 They set out early so that they might arrive in time
 他们早早地出发以便按时到达。
 Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.
 我们坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。

Slide 29:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (3)set off 意为“出发,开始;引爆;衬托”。
 They'll set off on a journey around the world.
 他们将要出发环球旅行。
 Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes.
 用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。
 与set有关的其他词组:
 <1>set about sth.“开始,着手”。例如:
 I must set about my packing.
 我必须开始收拾行装了。
 <2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如:
 Set yourself against her.
 跟她竞争。
 <3>set in”开始”。例如:
 The rainy season has set in.
 雨季已开始了。

Slide 30:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 <4>set out”出发,启程”。set sth out”展
示,陈列”。
 They set out at dawn.
他们在拂晓出发。
 He sets out his ideas clearly in his
essay.
 <5>set up”建立,设立”。例如:
 The memorial will be set up.
纪念碑要建成了。
他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。

Slide 31:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 12.…because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped
growing spaghetti.
 ……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。
 辨析:stop doing 与stop to do
 stop doing 指的是“停止做”,即不做了;而stop to do 则是指“停
下来去做”,即停下来的目的是去做,也就是开始做。例如:
 Stop talking, let's begin our class.
 不要讲话了,我们开始上课。
 You are too fat and you must stop eating too much.
 你太胖了,你不能吃那么多了。
 Please stop to listen to me
 请停下来听我说。
 The mother stopped to look after her baby.
 那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

Slide 32:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 13.She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married.
 她震惊了,因为她的确想结婚。
 (1)thrill为动词“震颤,使激动”,多用于被动语态be thrilled,表示“很
感动,受到震颤的”。例如:
 We were thrilled with joy.
 我们高兴极了。
 She thrilled at the good news.
 她听到那个好消息很兴奋。
 (2)want在此为动词“想,想要”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to
do。例如:
 Do you want an ice-cream?
 你想要个冰激凌吗?
 I want some bread and milk.
 我想要些面包和牛奶。
 Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess.
 汤姆想学下中国象棋。
 Does Lucy wants to learn to dance?
 露茜想学跳舞吗?

Slide 33:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (3)marry为动词“嫁,娶,结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了
某人”都可以用marry sb.
 即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be married 也可以用来表示
“结婚”,它是一个延续性词组,可以与表示一段时间的词连用。
 John is going to marry Jane
 约翰要和简结婚了。
 Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty.
 亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。
 When are you going to get married?
 你准备什么时候结婚?
 We have been married for ten years.
 我们已经结婚十年了。
 His uncle will get married next month.
 他叔叔下个月结婚。
 另外,词组get married 意为“结婚”,但这是一个非延续性动词,

Slide 34:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 14.Are there any English words than Chinese people use when they
speak to each other?
 有中国人互相交谈时用的英语单词吗?
 辨析:speak, talk, say, tell
 (1)这四个词都有“说”的意思。
 (2)speak一般指“说某种语言”,即其后的宾语只能是表示语言的词。
 Can you speak French?
 你会讲法语吗?
 What language do they speak?
 他们讲哪种语言?
 (3)talk一般指“谈论”,本身为不及物动词,可以用于词组talk about sth
with sb.
 “与某人谈论某事”,也可用于talk to sb.“跟某人说话”。
 What are you talking about?
 你们在讨论什么?
 Who were you talking with just now?
 你刚才在跟谁说话?
 I want to talk about English study with you.
 我想跟你讨论一下英语学习的事。

Slide 35:  五.语法重点(Grammar Focus)
 (4)say为及物动词“说”,其后一般须指出说的内容。
 What did you say?
 你说什么?
 It says “NO Parking”.上面写着“不许停车”。
 She'd like to say goodbye to us.
 她想来跟我们道别。
 (5)tell“告诉”,为及物动词,其后须跟双宾语,即用于tell sth.to
sb.或tell sb.sth.“告诉某人某事”。例如:
 Can you tell me a story?
 你能给我讲个故事吗?
 Who told you the news?
 谁告诉你这个消息的?
 15.Today one in four people, or a quarter of the world's
 当今四个人中得有一个人,或者说世界上四分之一
population uses English, …

月上云端

添加时间: 2009-07-08 17:51:24

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学习目标(Language Goal) 1.Learn to narrate past events.学会描述过去所发生的事情。 2.Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态……更多...

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